@InProceedings{PodestaSSSBRMRPSDCCSC:2020:DrInSy,
author = "Podesta, Guillermo and Skansi, Maru and Saulo, Celeste and Silva,
Viviane and Benitez, Julian Baez and Renom, Madeleine and Moraes,
Osvaldo Leal de and Rodas, Raul and Pulwarty, Roger S. and
Stefanski, Robert and Diniz, Francisco Assis and Camacho, Jose and
Carrasco, Gualberto and Sampaio, Gilvan and Cisterna, Reinaldo
Guitierrz",
affiliation = "{} and {Servicio Meteorologico Nacional} and Servicio
Meteorologico Nacional Buenos Aires, Argentina and NOAA and {WMO
Regional Office for the Americas} and INUMET and CEMADEN and DMH
and NOAA and WMO and {Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET)}
and WMO and SENAMHI and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
(INPE)} and DMC",
title = "The drought information system for southern South America",
booktitle = "Proceedings...",
year = "2020",
organization = "Symposium on the Urban Environment, 15.",
abstract = "The Drought Information System for southern South America
(formerly known as SADIS, hereafter, SISSA for the Spanish
acronym) is being developed by the six member countries of the
Regional Climate Center for Southern South America (RCC-SSA):
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay. Since the
early stage of the RCC-SSAs activities, its members identified
drought as a common focus around which initial collaboration
activities could be organized. In the spirit of regional and
global collaboration embodied in the WMOs Global Framework for
Climate Services, the countries and organizations involved in
SISSA seek to join efforts to improve the capacity of South
American nations to manage drought-related risks pro-actively. The
SISSAs mission is to provide data, information and knowledge to
support decisions and policy-making in sectors sensitive to
drought: agricultural production, hydropower generation and
waterway transportation. To date, SISSA has compiled a regional
database of daily climate data for the six member countries
including over 300 conventional weather stations. Protocols for
quality control for the data have been implemented. The plan is to
start incorporating data from automated weather stations in the
next few months. With the in situ climate data, several drought
indices are currently being calculated (SPI, SPEI, deciles,
percentage of normal precipitation). Initially, these indices were
being calculated for each calendar months. At the request of
stakeholders who desired a more frequent update of conditions, the
indices are now produced every 5 days approximately (for the
multiple temporal scales considered for all indices). The
typically low spatial density of in situ observation networks
throughout southern South America needs to be complemented with
the extensive spatial coverage and frequent return periods offered
by sensors aboard satellites. SISSA is relying on
satellite-derived precipitation fields (CHIRPS), vegetation
indices (NDVI and EVI) and soil moisture is in the process of
being incorporated. An area where considerable work remains to be
done is in the generation of forecasts of drought onset, intensity
and duration over scales of 1-3 months. The assessment of drought
impacts is essential to identify the social, economic, and
environmental sectors/activities that are sensitive to drought in
southern South America. SISSA is developing a probabilistic
characterization of historical drought events in the region,
including univariate and multivariate descriptions of various
event metrics (intensity, magnitude, duration). The occurrence of
dry events will subsequently be collated with observed or
simulated impacts in the various drought-sensitive sectors. Plans
are ongoing to understand the reasons underlying drought impacts
on each sector. SISSA is a multi-national, multi-institutional
organization with participation of policy-makers, resource
managers and individual and corporate decision makers from the
targeted sectors. A major challenge for SISSA is to be able to
address the diverse needs and contexts of the many
drought-sensitive sectors and groups in this region. Real progress
in the production and dissemination of useful and usable drought
information only can occur through the involvement of those who
stand to benefit from use of that information to mitigate negative
impacts. For this reason, the institutional design chosen for
SISSA not only seeks to encourage the participation of a wide
variety of stakeholders from different sectors and jurisdictional
levels, but also to provide a structure that promotes collective
and shared efforts, allowing multiple groups to participate and
cooperate in a decentralized manner.",
conference-location = "Boston",
conference-year = "13-16 jan.",
language = "en",
urlaccessdate = "17 maio 2024"
}